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====== 2.1.1 Setup Operating System onto the Raspberry Pi ======

===== Download the image =====

I would recommend a 64-bit system, as Raspberry Pi 3B, 3B+ and 4B are 64 bit hardware.

Raspberry Pi Foundation provides a suitable system at https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit . I would recommend "Raspberry Pi OS Lite" 64-bit. The latest one was released April 4th 2022.


===== Write to micro-SD card =====


With this release, the default user //pi// was removed! \\ 
I would suggest to setup the user //scanner// - see https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-bullseye-update-april-2022/ \\ 
Also don't forget to activate SSH daemon for remote (headless) setup.

You might follow the setup instructions at https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/


==== Details for writing from a Linux PC ====

=== check and verify your micro-SD cards' device name ===

verify to have the correct device name for the (new) SD card\\ 
for not overwriting and trashing your system\\ 
or overwriting relevant data!

  * check for existing block devices with ''lsblk'' - before inserting the SD card to be written.
  * on another terminal (SSH-session), you may check ''dmesg -w'' while inserting
  * re-execute and compare output of ''lsblk'' to previous output

optionally, you might check existing contents by mounting - **replace** ''/dev/sdb'' with **YOUR** device! \\
but keep the digit after ''/dev/sdb'', e.g. ''/dev/sdb1'' is changed into ''/dev/sdc1''


<code>
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb   # lists partitions
mkdir /dev/shm/sdb1
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /dev/shm/sdb1
</code>

check the contents, e.g. with ''cd'', ''ls'', .. or ''mc''
and then unmount each checked partition

<code>
sudo umount /dev/shm/sdb1
</code>


=== (over)write the micro-SD card ===

don't forget to **replace** ''/dev/sdb'' with **YOUR** micro-SD cards' device name!

<code>
xzcat 2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img.xz | sudo dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdb
sync
</code>

unplug / eject the micro-SD card with the adapter


=== prepare auto-generating user and SSH activation ===

re-insert micro-SD card and mount\\ 
again: **replace** ''/dev/sdb'' with **YOUR** device!

<code>
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
mkdir /dev/shm/sdb1
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /dev/shm/sdb1
</code>

we need an enctypted version for the password ''scanner123'' - you might change in following

<code>
echo 'scanner123' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin
</code>

there comes a huge alphanumeric string. copy it into your clipboard - or select for pasting with middle mouse button.

for later automatic generation of user ''scanner'' - you might change in following

<code>
echo 'scanner:$6$6t.t7wG2IkuS0IHn$COM.bQQWWbTYtLCkLf5Mk6PUUnpkZN7R0JLsXwUfHDPx6Hc0jK77Ci28zR01rdyN.1jRQGuHnP1rq78I0xzF.0' >/dev/shm/sdb1/userconf.txt
</code>

and for later activation of SSH-daemon

<code>
touch /dev/shm/sdb1/ssh
</code>

you might setup / change other bootup options for the Raspberry Pi, e.g. display options, ..

when finished, unmount\\ 


<code>
sudo umount /dev/shm/sdb1
</code>

and unmount the micro-SD card from the PC

now, you are ready to insert the prepared SD card into the Pi and boot from it.
using Pi headless over Ethernet network, you might lookup the IP address; the default hostname is ''raspberrypi''


===== SSH Software hints =====

On a Windows PC, you can use one of the following programs to establish an SSH connection

  * ''PuTTY'': https://www.putty.org/
  * ''MobaXterm'': https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/
  * //Windows Subsystem for Linux// (WSL/LXSS) with Windows 10

for sure, there are other alternatives. i would recommend //MobaXterm//, 
which has a builtin X-server, that would allow to run GUI programs.

if really necessary, i would suggest ''JuiceSSH'' (https://juicessh.com/) for SSH from an Android smartphone or tablet.


===== System Update & Configuration =====

Please continue with [[fmlist_scanner:prepare_exisiting_linux_or_preinstalled_pi|2.2 Setup on a pre-installed Pi or PC]]

afterwards, check other configuration options - special for Raspberry Pi, e.g. speaker output:

<code>
sudo raspi-config
</code>